Wednesday, June 12, 2013

The Sullivan Center




US History Chicago Architecture Project
Sullivan Center
by Dean & Jeremy

Initially developed because of the Great Chicago Fire of 1871,the Sullivan Center (originally named Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building/Store ) started in 1898. Louis Sullivan designs a 12-story building which is to become one of the most important structures in early modern design. In 1881 a dry-goods store was planned to be moved into the Bowen Building’s attic, located at 1 South State Street at the corner of East Madison. After nine years Schlesinger and Mayer, owners of the dry-goods store, hired architects Sullivan and Adler to start plans to remove the top floor of the Bowen building and add two stories to the Building. Then in 1902, Carson Pirie scott bought the building and then builds an addition along state street not too long after following sullivan’s original plains. 25 years later Scott built a 15-story building to act as the center’s men’s store. As Scott continues to grow the center later includes three buildings over adding to nine buildings completing what is later to become the Sullivan center. Over the years facades are covered up, exterior cast iron and terra cotta suffer from deterioration, and the cornice is removed. later Scott vacated and the complex was acquired by Joseph Freed and “associates”, who started fixing the deteriorating surface and designing the new cornice. The Sullivan Center has shown how far we’ve come since growing stronger from horrible events like the Chicago Fire, stating that even when burnt down to the ground we will continue to grow and move forward.

The Sullivan Center is located in Chicago, which I like to think is a very diverse city. There are so many different kinds of people you’ll see walking in Chicago, and there are a lot more after that. The Sullivan center is located on the corner of state and madison so there are people walking and driving past it all day long, and with it being multiple store, School of the Art Institute of Chicago, State of Illinois and more people are walking in and out of it all day as well.
The building is placed as most buildings are, not too far from the street but with enough space for people to walk comfortably on the sidewalk and other than some awnings the building is pretty independant. There are some trees along the sidewalk on the side of the Sullivan Center but not much else. One thing about the Sullivan Center is that its truly unique in its design, there really aren’t many buildings that grew bigger taking more and more buildings over time.

The Sullivan Center is a white building with a black metal base, you can tell that the building changed over time if you look at it. The design of the metal base is very detailed, quite lovely, you can tell that a lot of work was put into it. It was meant to draw people into the building to look at the displays. It really sets it apart from other buildings in Chicago. Also the building shows how architecture has changed over time from when it was build to later when it slowly began to change.The style of architecture that is put into this building is the tripartite construction which is; first floor is the base, followed by several stories that look the same and the top story is capped with a cornice or simply it’s a lot like a old time Roman pillar with the fancy looking base with a plain old center section capped with a beautiful top . The Sullivan Center was built at the end of a century heading into a new one with many people migrating to the United States from various countries and this was a very important time in American history.      

The Sullivan Center has always been a store, originally a dry-goods store. The front entrance is a beautiful black colored cornice, and entering the building is a target store. There is two revolving doors for the entrance.There were a few different ideas for the building, first they were going to add two stories onto the four story building, but it never happened, later it was painted white and then a bridge connecting the building to the railroad. plains were made, changed, forgotten and rethought finally they decided to use one of Sullivan’s ideas, he had two, a nine story building and a twelve story one. They decided to use the nine story design but changed their mind and ended up using the twelve story design. Now the Sullivan Center is used for different things, there are even floors to currently rent out. Some of the tendence include Target, the School of Art Institution of Chicago, and Gensler.


The Sullivan Center, one of the most important structures in early modern design and a Chicago landmark, built in one of the most important times in American history. Store, school, office, the Sullivan Center is so much more than these things, it shows change and progress never staying the same. The Sullivan Center stands tall with all the other buildings which is Chicago but is also singled out as part of its history.With beauty and history the Sullivan Center is truly an important landmark for the state of Illinois and the City of Chicago.
  
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Baer, Geoffrey. Chicago’s Loop a new walking tour with Geoffrey Baer. [Chicago]:
WTTW11 / Window to the World Communications, 2011.


The Rookery

The Rookery Building
by Robin and James


The Rookery building, at 209 S. LaSalle in the loop area is a beautiful and memorable building that stands as a monument to the history of Chicago. The old City Hall building occupied the land before the Rookery. The building was nicknamed the Rookery because birds came there to nest on the rooftop and external walls. The citizens began to quote the building as "a Rookery" because pigeons became such a bother, the press quickly adapted to this term and ran with it. After several attempts of naming the building, the Rookery won.  




The Rookery building stands 12 stories high, which is 188 feet tall. It was built in 1877-1888 by two great architects by the names of Daniel H. Burnham and John Wellborn Root. When these two forces were joined together they were known as Burnham and Root. The Rookery building is very expensive, to lease the land of the Rookery building  for 99 years cost as much as $35,000 per year. The final cost of the building was $1,500,000.  In 2007 the building was purchased by an investment group which was advised by a European family for $73 million dollars. The building embraces a Richardsonian Romanesque Architecture which is a combination of red marble, terra cotta and brick facade. The unmatched architectural details on the interior of the walls are complemented by an affluent and alluring environment within the building, exposed by absurd architectural features including the mesmerizing oriel staircase and stunning light court.  These features make the Rookery a unique building which represents Chicago’s history.


Location
The Rookery building is located at 209 South LaSalle Street in the loop community area of Cook County, Illinois. The building sit very close to the street and takes up much of the streets space. The surrounding streets are rather noisy because of the area and all the noise from the traffic and trains. There are no trees or grass present but, there are other larger buildings around. The Rookery relates to others buildings around it because it consists of stones and marble like the others. It also is alike unlike other buildings. The Rookery building is brown and not in the Roman style, while the other building are white Roman style. This is classic to the Chicago School style. It is also in the middle of the financial district, the Board of Trade building and the Federal Reserve building are right there.  The history of Chicago has an influence on the location because of the specific services that The Rookery support to the city of Chicago.



Materials
The Rookery building has big brown bricks, gold plated doors and large windows. The building also has an old dark brown color while the other building are marble, limestone or light brown. The building was one of the first steel framed structures, and thus one of the earliest skyscrapers. The building consists of load bearing bricks, red marble, gold elevators, plated glass, fireproofing, elaborate ornamentation and brick facades. It has a light gold smooth marble texture that makes up the inside lobby. This was remodeled by Barron and Root. The windows on the building have a smooth look to them, they are large and consists of big columns.  The outside of the building has a nice old look and the roman brick with the marble and the gold leaf finish. The glass on the top of the building had a leak in it do to a lot of rain, so therefore they use a material called tar to stop the leaks. Over the years they took the tar off the roof because it was making the building look dark in the lobby, so they replaced it with a different type of glass . The building is not very tall compared to the other buildings in the area. It looks like Chicago style mixed with a roman style of architecture. The other buildings are tall and that might be the smallest building in the area.


Interpretation
The Rookery grabs your attention from its elegance , its huge windows that display formal wear for men, its golden revolving doors at the main entrance, and above that the huge window display of the staircase. The feeling the building conveys when I entered the building is a ballroom, the twirling stairs and the golden leaf patterns on the walls a very white scenery its elegance gave off as a ballroom where people got together for special occasions. The form and shape of the building is a tall square dark brown building, what stands out the most is the front of the building because its columns separating the huge display windows and the oval main entrance. The building gets its own specific identity because of its color from the rest of white or badge buildings surrounding it the shape of the building does not distance itself from the rest of the buildings, most buildings around the rookery are tall and square. the roof of the building inside is flat made of glass squares with small circle designs. inside there are a lot of small details like on the elevators I noticed doves on the doors and on some of the walls gold leaf patterns. I didn’t understand what the building was used for. I saw the small stores inside but I didn’t understand why they’re lobby was so big, but later on one of my classmates told me it was used for wedding most of the time. I didn’t find any of it puzzling but i found that, They had weddings in that building interesting. The architecture of building gave off this old abandoned look to it, one unique symbol on the building is the two birds on the building, which symbolizes the strength, dignity, and vigor of the government. which I interpreted as peaceful place when I noticed the birds. The shape of the building is Chicago school style and I can tell by the way it looks from the rest of the buildings surrounding it that it was built in the 1880’s.




Function
The Rookery has chosen a selection of different designs that stands out from a lot of the  other old buildings in history. It has a roman template design, colored gold, which is a symbol for money and power. The building design does not cause a issue with entering and exiting the building but it does create a distraction. Inside the building had multiple businesses including Potbellies, Frank Lloyd Wright, Dean Optical and many more. Business companies used this facility as a place to handle business and negotiations. Since it became a national trademark of Chicago, they quickly made it a tourist attraction. With a lot of famous important buildings that is still there, Chicago quickly became one of the most toured place in America. Chicago had a great fire which burnt down most of the city, but was the reason for some of the new buildings we see today such as the Rookery. It shows modern day details and description from foreign countries which shows true taste in elegant designs.




Conclusion
The Rookery presents its time period. The two types of birds which nested the building were crows and pigeons, these birds symbolize money and power. The Rookery building was built by architectural partnership of two men that go by the names of Burnham and Root. This building was built with old roman bricks and marble stone of a dark brown color. The inside it was built with white and gold marble with gold plated windows and doors. This form of style came from the Architecture" which was a design of many designs that were very bright and really stood out. The Rookery stands up 12 stories approximately 188 feet and was once considered one of the tallest buildings in 1877-1888. Other buildings around this building are taller and lighter than the Rookery building and mostly consists of a light tan color and has more of the roman like structures. The Rookery building was designed with the roman columns that separated the windows and the main entrance and on the inside was built with white marble and Persian-style ornamentation. The roof is designed as a light court this embraces the Richardsonian Romanesque architecture, which was another building built known as a occasional mansion, banks, museums etc. The Richard Romanesque architecture was built in an urban style.  The building still really stands out from the other buildings because it is now one of the shortest and it is much darker. The elevators doors are gold plated and consists several designs of different birds. The walls are white marble with gold leaf patterns. The building was purchased in October 2007 for $73 million by an investment group controlled by a European family, and advised by a Zeb Bradford of Metzler North American corp. Meaning that it was honored and appreciate not by one person but by a group of investigators. It was used for weddings and other special occasions so that other people got the chance to appreciate the building as well. The Rookery building is one of the most amazing architectural structures in the city, so therefore it represents its time period in many ways and facts that have been stated.



Bibliography
Baer, Geoffrey. Chicago's Loop a new walking tour with Geoffrey Baer. [Chicago]: WTTW11 / Window to the World Communications, 2011.

"The Rookery: A Rich History." The Rookery. http://www.therookerybuilding.com/ building-history.html (accessed March 12, 2012).

Sinkevitch, Alice, and Laurie McGovern Petersen. AIA Guide to Chicago. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1993.

 

 



 
 

The Field Building

The Field Building
Writing and Photos by Stephon      




  The building that you might walk past without realizing it, is one of last art deco buildings, known as the Field Building. The Field building is located 135 S. Lasalle and is at the center of a bank and office building district. The Field building height is about 535 feet which medium size building for banking building.The Field building was made in 1934 as 45ft skyscraper. The person who created the Field building Graham Anderson apart of Probst and White architect firm.What is significant about this building it is the one last major office building erected in Chicago in the 1930s. One fact about the Field building is in 2007 lasalle bank was sold by european owner  ABN-AMRO to Bank of America. One interesting thing about the  Field building is that are mechanical spaces are located on 25 and 45 floor.


One way to describe the characteristics of the Field building surrounded in downtown area where it is more urban  in the financial district of Chicago loop area. The street in front of that the Financial building is very noisy due to all important banks and office buildings in the area. The Field building is a little far back from the street so easily to access. The building next to the Field building is mostly bank and office building.There is no landscaping around the Financial building but a of couple trees.This building relate to other building by the design of how blend with financial district and office buildings in vicinity of other building and their structure is similar. What influenced the location of Field building was the style which art deco and also how it was last office building erected in Chicago until after World War 2.
    While  I was walking down the street I saw on a building was  the flags and and the gold trim around the inside and outside of the building. The color of the building is silver and black and has gold trim around the building.The feeling conveys that is building has important part of downtown area and financial district which located in the area conveys that building has rich history makes feel some level of importance and respect for the building.The building is similar to to other pieces of architecture by it has a lot of similarities to the Chicago board of trade how there window more mixture of chicago style and art deco mixed in. What was happening was Alcatraz became an officially a prison and that economy was not great shape.The Field building has special ornamentation which is the gold clock and stairs. The things that make this building unique old art deco which  have great features like older time represent the time period it was made in.
  The purpose of the building is to provide as bank for building surrounded buildings and the building not in the vicinity. Also the design of the building it similar to old style and 1900’s design and the building has made design easy to use. The economy that was in was not good or successful status as an economy.  The different uses of the building in the past was as office space and as bank. The building is decorated as old style as an which more less modern but modern at the small time. The building is more designed as more upper class and business person or more formal setting.  
In conclusion  the field building  is used as an bank to all the other building that is surrounding  by the field building. Also the Field building is mostly used for banking purpose its also used for other purpose such as place of business. The building also use building to so how the art deco of the building is shown as predetermined factor of the building. I can used as business building that can have true architect history in the world.  


Bibliography


  



                                                                        

The Chicago Board of Trade Building



The Chicago Board of Trade Building
by Phantasia and Michael

Have you ever been walking downtown in the Chicago Loop and seen this huge building  at the end of Lasalle Street? Well the building at the end of Lasalle street is better known as the Chicago Board of Trade building.  The Chicago Board of Trade is where many trades are being made during the day. The building was built in the 1930s. This building stands at  141 W. Jackson Boulevard right at the foot of Lasalle street standing approximately 605’ (184 m). The Board Of Trade was designed by Holabird And Roche where it was finished in the 1930s. It is also the first designated  landmark. One basic description about this building that caught my attention was the multiple prints around the building as far as the name prints is an eye catcher because its printed all around the building.There are also different  designs under almost every other window . The Board of Trade building reflects history because of the time the building was built and the style of the building on different levels.
             This building is Located on Lasalle street in the heart of the city’s financial district, which is very busy. When walking down Lasalle street you will see a lot of bankers and people who deal with funds walking around in the downtown area. The building is close to the end of the street and is very visible and a sightseer destination spot located  on one side of the building. There are also  two statues of two ladies in between the building. and behind them there is a fountain as well as two trees in the courtyard. The board of trade building relates to other buildings because all the buildings in the district are financial buildings and work with funds.
The Chicago Board of Trade has multiple things that can catch people's attention starting with the coloring. The color is a light beige with bronze designs and sash style windows that are very huge and noticeable. The building’s location makes it distinct from other buildings around it because you run right into it and its not hard to miss. The Chicago Board Of Trade  is different because it is more of an art deco as far as the style goes.
During this time the great depression was a major setback to America. The 1920’s had a major effect on the design because the 1920’s was  the time period of the art deco which is the building's style. the building was basically reflected on the old ages during the jazz days.
Under each window there is a different pattern,  some of the designs are classical designs on every window there are sash style windows of all different sizes some big with the same design under them all .
Chicago Board of Trade is basically a stock trade where they trade wheat and other things for money.When you enter the Board of Trade building the inside matches the name of the building because inside the building they basically have a wide floor where everybody has the to stand and call out their trade or if they're buying a trade basically like a auction. .
The entrance of the building is marked as a special entrance because of the big huge trading floor with all the tables where the people trading goods from and receiving their goods from the floor is pretty huge there's almost enough room for like three million people.The design of the building does make it easier to use because of the way the trading floor is set up it has a lot of room for people to get in and out and be able to move around and yell out their trades and other things that they want to receive. When the board of trade building was being constructed the economy was doing great which was during the 1920s. The impact that this had on the building was that their was lots of stocks coming in and being sold but then their was a downfall  where everything started to go down with the money. When that happened lots of  stocks was not coming in, like it was in the beginning. So lots of things had to change they had to find some type of way to sell their goods so they continued to sell their goods such as wheat and pork was the major stock that was being traded. Chicago Board Of Trade building is doing  good today. I wouldnt say its doing great like it was back when the building was first being built but it surviving  and still holding up a spot on lasalle street. The Board of Trade building to this day is still used for stock and selling goods and they still have a good business going.
In conclusion the building was made in 1920’s during this time the economy was doing wonderful and money was flowing through the city with no problems. The building is made in art deco style of art with a greek twist. It is located in the loop area of chicago  in the financial district which is where all the business is at which draws a lot of tourist and money to the loop.
Bibliography
Baer,Geoffrey. Chicago’s loop a new walking tour with Geoffrey Baer.[chicago]:wttw11 window to the world communication, work cited wikipedia Board of Trade.

The Federal Center

                                                                                                                             

                                               The Federal Center
     If you walk down Deaborn in between Jackson Boulevard and Adams in Chicago you will notice three black international style buildings.These three buildings are known as The Federal Center.The first building is the Federal Building.Next is The Dirksen Courthouse.The Federal Center is located downtown Chicago Loop at 230 South Dearborn Street.It is 562 sqaure feet (171m) tall.The Center was made in 1974.Ludwig Mies van der Rohe created this 45 story building.This building is a good representation of its time period because back in that time most of the buildngs where black,tall,and geometric shapes.
    The government basically controls everything around the building and people who take care of big business. The street where there Federal Center is located is a very busy block.People are going in and out of this building to go from court or from court.
As you walk to the near the building you will notice a big courtyard leading to the Alexander Calder sculpture.Another thing we found interesting was how the concrete is in a box shaped basically a straight line that leads to the different buildings. The building is not close to the street and it is not push back it is in the middle. On the side of the building are other building  that are owned by the government for their  use. All the buildings stand alone. There are some plants and concrete posts outside the buildings.Both protect and beautify the buildings. These three buildings are  similar to each other. One building is tall,one is short and one is fat also has a sculpture by Alexander Calder called the  Flamingo in the middle of the three buildings.Other buildings around it are also black and shaped sort of like it.The Federal Center resembles Mies  van der Rohe’s earlier Toronto-Dominion Centre.  It was expanded in 1991 with the addition of the 28-story Metcalfe Federal Building to the south across Jackson Boulevard.
   
To see The Federal Building you have to look up at the 45-story structure .I-beams are also painted black.The colors of the buildings are black .  Having those colors make it different than other buildings in the city. Alexander Calder’s  sculpture called the ‘’Flamingo’’ a 53-foot (16m) red steel project that was created on  October 24,1974.The Flamingo has very distinct shape different than any other sculpture in Chicago.The sculpture was conserved and also restored in 1998 to make the building more eligent.In the spring famers make the Federal center a famer’s market.  In the summer it is a local hang out spot to citizens.The roof is 562 ft tall and it gives the building there nice shape or style.
The purpose of this building is  government usage building, It is a traditional symbol of the state government. It also keeps the citizens, people, workers and more informed about the  changes in the federal areas. There are plant pots throughout the year, But it doesn't demonstrate the function. The inside if the building had marble floors. The big building lets in a lot of light. There are elevators on every floor to let people have access to other parts of the building. Its a symbol of royalty and the form of the government. The designs that these three buildings has makes it easy to use and work with. For the people who do work in building they also have the post office an another work area close by so its easy to move around. One building entrance has the glass door gives you access to see inside the building. When this building was under construction the economy was doing good.
   To conclude, the building we chose was the federal center. I had identified the location of the federal center. Also, the styles and the functions of the building. This building have many different purposes and functions.


                                Bibliography



    

The Citadel Center

The Citadel Center


The building that we picked is one of the most modern skyscraper in downtown chicago. As a class we went on this field trip and we was walking past all this building  and we seen the citadel building. I never really looked at the building like that but when I seen it I was amazed because of the structure, the glass, and how tall it was. The building name is the citadel building. The significant of the building name is business.The building is located on 131 s. dearborn street,the height of the building is 176.8 meters/580 feet tall and it was made in 2003. The person that created it was a Spanish Catalan architect his name is Ricardo Bofill. The two descriptions about the building is that its made of steel and glass and that it has the world most famous sculpture show piece in the main lobby. The building represent this time period because it got different offices, restaurants, atms in it and different services.It represent it because its all services that we use today.
The 44th tallest building in chicago is the citadel building. the citadel building is located on 131 south dearborn  its quiet some days noisy some days and busy most during rush hour the building is sit close to the street its a structure in the inside of the building that stand by itself  the building have no grass no trees no landscaping around it the building is different from  the other ones around it.The history of the location is new because the building is recent.
 These are some of the styles and materials of the citadel building. The citadel building is made up of all glass on the outside, and steel and wood on the inside. The color of the building in the inside is silver on the first floor. There's a gold sculpture in the main entrance of the building that you can see before u walk up the steps.The sculpture stands tall and it look like it has wings on it. The walls is made of wood with little designs curve in it. The style of the buildings is glass, and stainless steel. This building is different from other buildings because it is made of all glass and most of the other buildings is made of bricks. When you look up at the building it kind of look like its in 3D do to the way its built.There is nothing really unique about the building besides the way it made .The streets be busy around the building so I know its not quiet around the building.

The purpose of the citadel building is that its a bank one corporate center. The building is decorated in a expensive office space type. I say that because the whole building is made out of glass. The ornamentation and decorations does demonstrate its function because that building from the outside is glass stain and steel its like a for show building. The main entrance is made up in a special way because when you go in, it's a showpiece sculpture.The design of the build make it easier to use because it like a showpiece that build is office corporated that everybody can use.The economy was bad during the time they started constructing on building. It didn't effect the building and its design.The purpose of the building now is office bank one corporate center. the people who uses the building are business people but anybody can use the building because it got banks, atm,entertainment, restaurant, hotels transportation and business services.   

 
So that is all there is to know about the citadel building. The location of the building is 131 south dearborn street. The style of the building is all glass, the color is silver so it can blend in with the glass made outside of the building. The sculpture thats in the main entrance is all gold. Its one of the designs they have in the building. The purpose of the citadel building is that its a bank one corporate center. This is one of the best buildings downtown to me. The ornamentation and decorations demonstrates its function. This is all there is to know about the Citadel building.Google is what we used.

Bibliography

The Field Building


The Field Building
Have you ever walked downtown Chicago and noticed all of the nice buildings? Well next time look up at the art deco field building located at 135 South Lasalle Street in the loop community area of Chicago, Illinois. The building was designated a Chicago landmark on February 9, 1994. It was completed as a 535 feet (163 m) 45-story skyscraper. The architect of this building was the firm of Graham Anderson Probst and White. The Field building has some of the latest innovations incorporated into the building’s design. When you look inside you would see  marble floors and bronze and gold trimming all through the building. The lobby features a multi-level arcade between Lasalle and Clark streets allowing pedestrians to walk between the two streets and access the retail space without exiting the building.The Field Building’s materials are grade A product and location make it an interesting Chicago skyscraper.
This skyscraper stand in the middle of Chicago’s loop in the Financial District . The Field Building is surrounded by pedestrians and traffic which makes the area very noisy and crowded. The building is located approximately 10 steps away from the street. This building relates to other building on Lasalle street. because its a bank of America inside this building and most of the buildings on lasalle street are banks. This building gained public attention In December, 2004 when fire swept through the 29th and 30th floor burned for over five hours, there were no fatalities. How was it possible that a 43- story building could not have supression system, exempt from rules requiring fire sprinkler.
When you walk up to this building you will see a lot of windows and a couple of flags.  The revolving metal doors invite you to come inside. The outside of the building is tan, pale and without much landscaping. When tourists come to town they want to visit the old art deco building. It has its own style like stone clad, glazed light brown Building and wide windows.
The Building has four side that have 22 Story shoulder to each of its corner. A footprint resembling a Capital H.
This is an office building, it was the largest commercial building in chicago and the fourth largest in the world. the block-long lobby,one of the longest in downtown chicago. white domestic marble,the sheen of metal called nickel silver,terrazzo flooring,all surface polished shiny, and reflective. bronze mailbox and elevator indicator in the shape of the building (kinetic sculpture) and air conditioning (on the first four floors),a central vacuum(working), filtered water fountain and many other amenities. the building created thousands of jobs and helped chicago’s economy while rising as a symbol of strength and permanence during a time of great insecurity.


In conclusion, my building is important and well known to the public. When it come down to it, the bank of America building will be well talked about in the future. It is a nice space with gold trimming throughout the building, and open spots which helps let light into some of the interior offices. When looking at the building it resembles the capital letter H. Meanwhile for the tourist it will be a good place to explore a bold modern style in a uptempo city like Chicago. The bank of America building  is unique for a first time visitor or a ten time visitor. We all should take time and visit the building and explore something new plus have a good experience in Chicago. To me I feel that this building is a very inspiring place because it has a lot of beautiful lights and because of the symbol it leaves for us in Chicago.
                      BIBLIOGRAPHY
Glass Steel and Stone “Bank Of America Building”
Wikipedia  “Field Buildings (Chicago)”  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_Building_(Chicago)
Emporis “Bank Of America Building”